When the immune system overreacts
The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body from infections and diseases. Typically, it responds appropriately and provides effective protection.
However, in certain situations, it can overreact, causing unnecessary inflammatory responses that can damage healthy tissues. Next, we will explore some of the situations in which the immune system can go out of control:
Allergies
Allergies are exaggerated immune responses to harmless substances, such as pollen, dust mites, foods, or certain medications. In allergic people, the immune system mistakenly interprets these substances as threats and triggers an excessive inflammatory response.
This can manifest itself in symptoms such as itching, sneezing, nasal congestion, redness of the skin, or breathing difficulties. Identifying allergic triggers and taking steps to avoid exposure are critical to controlling these exaggerated immune responses.
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune diseases are the result of an immune response that mistakenly attacks the body's own healthy tissues and organs. In these conditions, the immune system loses the ability to distinguish between self and foreign, causing chronic inflammation and damage in different parts of the body.
Examples of autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. The treatment of these diseases focuses on controlling the exaggerated inflammatory response and suppressing the activity of the immune system.
Reactions to medications
Some people may experience allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to certain medications. These reactions are caused by an exaggerated immune response to the components of the medication.
Symptoms can range from a mild rash to a severe, life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. It is important to inform healthcare professionals of any history of allergic reactions to medications to avoid complications and receive appropriate treatment. In cases of severe reactions, it may be necessary to avoid the medication in question altogether and use safe alternatives.
chronic stress
Chronic stress can have a significant impact on our immune system. When we are constantly exposed to stress, whether physical, emotional or environmental, an exaggerated inflammatory response occurs. Prolonged stress can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to disease. Additionally, it can trigger autoimmune disorders or worsen symptoms in people who already have an autoimmune disease.
It is essential to adopt effective strategies to manage and reduce stress, such as practicing relaxation techniques, meditation, regular exercise and maintaining a proper balance between work and rest.
Chronic infections
In some cases, the immune system can overreact to a persistent infection. This can lead to a chronic inflammatory response, even after the infectious agent has been eliminated.
For example, chronic periodontal disease can trigger a prolonged inflammatory response in the gums, which can damage tissues and contribute to systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Adequate treatment of chronic infections and control of the inflammatory response are essential to prevent complications.
Understanding the causes and triggers of these exaggerated inflammatory responses is essential to properly address the problem. In each case, it is essential to seek the advice of health professionals, who will be able to provide an accurate diagnosis and an individualized treatment plan.